Fire brick for checker work regenerators



Jan. 24, 1933.

B P WHEELER ETAL FIRE BRICK FOR CHECKER WORK REGENERATORS Filed April 23. 1931 Bradley W/zeeZer m'ZZz'am G. Smith Patented Jan. 24, 1933 UNITED STATES (PATENT on=1 Emmi: 2. WHEELER, or B FFALO, Ann WILLIAM G. silicon, or warrant,

' 7 NEW YORK 1 rmn nnrcx rois cnncxnn wonx miennnaarons Application filed April 23,

The present invention. relates to checker work'regenerators and has particular reference to regenerators which are built in courses, wherein the courses of the checker work are built. up or fire brickhaving a parwhich: produced bearing surfaces which co-' operated with certain other portions of adjacent bricks whereby the various courses were constructed.

' i A second class of; brick has been proposed for use in the construction, of checker work which were polygonal incross section and which contained hollow portions, across which, webs or projections extended. The purpose of these tortuous passages, and projections, was to increase the effective heating surface which was. exposed to the gas travelling through the checker work, i Many of the checkerv works which have .beenv used heretofore possessed certain inherent disadvantages which decreased the heating efficiency and heat transfer of the checker work; y Q

'Thus it is well known that regenerator checker works,the courses of which are built up ofsubstantially rectangular bricks presenting flat horizontal surfaces for contactwith gases passing thereover, lose their effic ency as regenerators after a'short time, 40 since the fiat surfaces of the regenerator bricks collect and become coated with arelatively non-conducting and somewhat adherent film of soot, cinders, and the like, which not only prevents effective heat transfer, but also impedes the passage of gas through the checker work. I Y I Where fire bricks having webbed projections are used to build the courses of regenerator furnaces, depositions of soot, and 0 thelike, also decrease the heating efliciency ;by the passage of 1931. Serial No. 532,356.

of lthese bricks. Another disadvantage whichhas militated against theiriuse has been the excessive breakage to which they are prone. This excessive breakage natural .1 1y decreases the quantity ofbrickwhich may 35 bereclaimed upon dismantling a checker work, and which can be advantageously used forthe construction of otherichecker works.

By the use of achecker work built according to our invention, anincreased area of contact is exposed togasespassingthrough thechecken work and therefore, a greater heating efficiency is obtained. I

1 The "disposition of the bricks ;.in .,the courses,- if laid according to our invention, is

such that aminimal quantity of soot; and

the like will remain upon the bricks Iif deposited thereon, and is also such that any material so deposited isreadily sweptaw'ay u checker work. y 1 We have alsoprovided a fire brick, the shape of which is adaptedto decrease the breakage loss and-therefore increase a the amountof reclaimed brick which may be ob- "T5 tained upon dismantling the checker work or regenerator furnace. 1. i 7 I In the drawing? r 'Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing a checker work in, conjunction with '80 a furnace such as an open hearth furnace.

Fig. 2 is a showing of several of the units of bricks placed imposition for'buildingu the courses of a regenerator furnace.

The unit brick consists of a fire brick hav- 8'5 ing end faces perpendicular to the side face. and faces angularly disposed to the endszand sides. The brick shown in the drawing has four sides or faceswhich are angularly disposed so that adjacent faces are substantially 90 perpendicular one to the'other, andhasend faces which are substantially perpendicular to all the sidefaces. Thus, the brick iscomposed of four side faces 10, 11, 12 and 13, and

,two end faces 14 and 15, cutting all the side '95 faces at right angles. End faces 16 are disposed in angular, relation to the end faces 14 andintersect two adjacent side-faces, such as 10 and 12.

It will t the gases through'qthe us-be seen that since the perpen- 10c dicular end facescut all the side faces, andthe angularly disposed faces cut the end faces and two adjacent side'faces, the edge formed by 7 parallel thereto.

Since these bricks are to be used in building up checker works, the ,inclosed angle formed between theplane of the end face 14 or15 and the plane of the angularly dlsposed J end face 16'is substantially 135 or conversetioniof an end face is substantially 45. Thus when two bricks are'placed with their perpenly, the angle between the plane of the angularly disposed face 16 and an upward projecdicular end faces in contact, the angle formed between the converging angularly disposed rend faces'is approximately 90- and these .faces serve as bearing. surfaces toreceive and V support the" lower' edge 19 of aisimilar fire 'lar faces "is substantially the same asfthat I formed by the side of thebrick which are not intersected'by the angular-end face. I This wouldinecessitate a different degree of angularityof. the end 'faces 16 on a unit brick. T I

InFig; 2, the bricks 20and 21 have been 7 placed with their perpendicularfaces juxta fposed' a'nd in contact, and a companionpair 5 "of bricks have been spaced therefrom and placedsubstantially in parallel relation there! to. The brick 22, placed within'tlie angular 7 receiving surface formed by the angularly disposed-faces of the bricks-'20 and21' and within a'similar notch of thecompan'ion' pair of bricks" rests therein and; covers approxima't'ely' one-half of thesurface thus formed and permits the placing of-a second brick23 transversely of the twolowe'r supporting bricks 2 0 and 21, as indicated'by the broken lin'es,therebyforming with brick 22 a receiving-and-bearing surfacecomposedof the an gularly disposedfaces 24 and 25';

" In theuse of: this type of brick in the formation of checker works for regenerative furnaces, substantially parallel courses of {thebricks are prepared by laying a series of these bricks end; to 'end with their perpendicular end faces juxtaposed and substantially in contact, the'parallel rows being spaced and positioned for receiving transverse rows of bricksplaced' upon and having bearing contact with the bearing surface formed by the angularly disposed end faces whereby alternate courses of bricks are produced which are substantially perpendicular one to theother. p y

Courses built up of brick of this type, when placed in achecker work or regenerative furnace, thus present a larger area'orsurface to the heated gases passing thereover-and therefore to gasestobe'heated as these come into intimate contact with the bricks and flow therearound. In the ordinary type of checker work used heretofore, the gases impinge upon aflat surface of the brick and, thereafter flow in eddy current outwardly from the flat surfacewhereby there is only a slow movement of the heating gases over, other-surfaces of the' bricks, V The present type ofbrick when built in-courses, accordbrick and in close proximity thereto where by a better heat transfer may bemaintained. The courses, when'built accordingnto'tour invention,also present substantially-nosflat tain soot, cinder s, and the like, which "may from upon the brick. 5 brick placed therein. These angles may be varied within certain limits, providedthe-angles formed by the convergenceof the -angu-' We have further prepared ache' cker work wherein a minimum of precipitatedmaterial .will deposit upon the face:'of the'brick by providing a bridge .wall 26 (Fig. 1);,=upon zontal. The particular angle fwill'depend upon the various conditions of working and may'extendfrom a few degrees from thehori "portions or areas whichwillcollectv .andxre be carried by the gases-and deposited there- V :zontal to a s-much as 45"therefrom. 'Inorder to present as large a portion of the courses of brick to theaction of the heating "71,90 gases from the furnace,'the endor rider wall a '27 of the checker work slopes'angularly from the vertical-and toward the'source' of gas 7 passing therethrough, as shown by the side 2 8.ofthe wall 27. b

a As shown in F ig. 1, 'as hot gas enters'the regenerator 29 from the furnace 30 through the port 31, the gas passes over; the riderwall 2? and passes downwardly through the-spaces in the checker work and exits at ajportconveniently located'in an endwall 32, such as at33. The various courses of brick 'arelplaced upon the bridge wall 26' and are parallel The composite I structure of "the thereto. checker work, therefore,'comprises alternate courses of brick which are all substantially parallel to each other, being placed longitudinally of theregenerator and another group. of courses being placed transversely thereof. i

one group of courses .The checker work,fi fbuilt upon all ii1- clined bridge wall such as shown at 26, Fig;

1, contains alternate courses of brickwhich are substantially parallel, the fends or! the bricks of one group of courses being conti'n uously, displaced from afvertic'al line asadditional parallel courses are placed, while the other group of courses contains a series of courses wherein the side edges ofthe bricks are continuously displaced in a vertical line as additional courses are placed. The angular displacement of the bricks in the various courses of a given tier of bricks, from the vertical, is substantially the same as theinclination of the bridge wall to the horizontal. Arrows 34 and 35 indicate the passages in the checker work through which the gas may pass. Thus passages such as 34 are substantially vertical to the bridge wall, while passages 35 are defined by the upper edge of one brick, as indicated at 36 and the lower edge 37 of an adjacent brick placed a brick length therefrom. j 1

We claim 1. A fire brick having four sides and having angularly disposed faces at its ends each intersecting one end face and two sidefaces of the brick and each forming enclosed angles of substantially 135 degrees with end faces which are substantially perpendicular to the side faces.

2. A checker work construction comprising parallel courses of brickhaving side faces and end faces placed end to end thereby forming bearing surfaces from faces each forming a plane surface and each disposed angularly to the end of said brick and intersecting three faces thereof and parallel courses formed from brick placed transversely to said first parallel course and upon the said bearing surfaces formed in said first course.

3. A brick having four sides and having a face on each end, two bearing faces converging toward each other and each intersecting only three faces of the brick, each bearing face being complemental to a bearing face on the immediately adjacent brick of a course of brick laid end to end, forming with the complemental vface a substantially V- shaped seat, each end of the brick at the opposite side thereof from the bearing face being provided with convergent faces for en.- gaging in a seat of a transversely arranged course of brick. r

4. A checker work construction comprising parallel courses composed of brick placed end to end in a plane angularlydisposed to the horizontal, and other parallel courses of brick placed transversely with respect to the said first courses and bearing thereon at the po1nts where the end faces of juxtaposed brick are in contact. 7

5. A checker work construction compris- '6. A checker work construction comprising a group of parallel courses of brick in tiers, a second group of parallel courses of brick substantially at right angles to said first group and placed alternately thereamong in tiers, one group of parallel tiers being composed of brick, the end faces of which project slightly bevond the end face of the underlying brick in theunderlying course, the other group of tiers being com posed of brick one side of which is offset horithe underlying brick in the zontally beyond underlying course. I

v 7. A brick having end faces and having the major transverse width of the ,brick"lo-.

cated between the upper and lower margin of the brick, the transverse dimension de:

creasing above and below the major trans:

verse width, each end of the brick being pro-' vided with a bearing face intersecting the adj acent end wall at one side of the major width whereby said bearing face. is contiguous to three faces of the brick. I

8. A fire brick having side faces angularly disposed to each other, a pair of-end faces intersecting the side faces, and a face form- 5 ing a plane surface intersecting an end face and two side faces.

9. A fire brick having side faces angularly disposed toeach other, a pair of end faces intersectingthe side faces, and a plurality of faces each forming a plane surface and each intersecting one end face and two side faces. 10. A fire brick having side faces at right angles to each other, a pair of end faces parallel to each other and'perpendiculartoand intersecting the side faces, and a plurality of faces each forming a plane surface intersect ing an end face and two side faces.

BRADLEY P. WHEELER. WILLIAM G. SMITH.

1ng parallel courses composed of brick placed end to end in a plane angularly disposed to 

